Monday, October 31, 2011

A Weekly Roundup of Small Business News - NYTimes.com

Dashboard

A weekly roundup of small-business developments.

What?s affecting me, my clients and other small-business owners this week.

The Economy 1: Small Isn?t Beautiful?

Both small-business and consumer confidence remain low. Jared Bernstein says the perception of small businesses as job providers is wrong: ?You can tweak the definitions, but even if you define ?small? as fewer than 500 people (as the federal government does, basically), you still find that half the work force is employed by large businesses.??James Surowiecki says big is beautiful. Felix Salmon says it?s start-ups that create jobs and that the lionization of small businesses is ?unhelpful.? Scott Shane says Occupy Wall Street is no friend of small business. None of this really matters to William Shatner.

The Economy 2: Here We Come

As recession fears begin to ease, Ambrose Evans-Pritchard says world power will soon swing back to America: ?The American phoenix is slowly rising again. Within five years or so, the U.S. will be well on its way to self-sufficiency in fuel and energy. Manufacturing will have closed the labor gap with China in a clutch of key industries. The current account might even be in surplus.? New data shows that the United States grew the most of anyone, by a lot, between 1970 and 2010. The World Bank says the United States ranks No. 4 for ease of doing business ? but is not one of the top 10 countries for starting a small business (huh?). Third-quarter gross domestic product rises (pdf), and economists bump up their forecasts. The Fed considers more stimulus options. This chart shows what will happen if the deficit ?super committee? fails.

Data: Property Prices Up

Caterpillar?s profits are up. Durable goods orders rise. Truck tonnage increased but road traffic declined. Ninety-three percent of kids will be trick-or-treating tonight. The Case-Shiller Home Price Indexes and Moody?s Commercial Property Index rise. Worldwide steel output remains strong. Retail employment stays depressed. Banks are finding they have too much cash.

Start-Ups: Leo Dives In

Leonardo DiCaprio dives into the start-up scene. A California start-up says it will create 1,200 local jobs (in Indiana). A social shopping site that lets users follow experts and celebrities who curate products raises $30 million. A start-up that began last year as a collaboration between professors and students in a Yale computer lab gets $9.5 million. Two Arizona State student-run companies are up for an award. Start-up investments rise in the third quarter. Office Depot and Century Payments introduce a new payment-processing service for small companies. Kristina Dell explains why some entrepreneurs choose to go it alone. Sarah Rich writes about an unusual incubator in Chattanooga, Tenn. SXSW 2012 is seeking health start-ups.

Marketing: Show Your Face and Allow Pets

A blogger offers seven tips on how to add more personality to your business blog: ?Write as ?I? rather than ?our.? Sometimes small businesses want to make themselves look bigger than they are and run the risk of becoming rather impersonal. The use of the first person is friendlier and more personal.? A free survey-authoring platform is introduced. Chapstick creates a social media controversy. Here are a few useful hashtags for Twittering owners. Shel Holtz and Cassie P?an plan a webinar on how to produce a social media news release. Kenji offers some networking tips from 125 years ago: ?I?ve personally found that, to borrow a Japanese phrase, ?just showing your face? can often be enough to make the connections you need.? A report shows how much the recession changed consumer spending in the United States. Stores that allow more pets see more customers.

Around the States: There Seems to Be a Buzz

A truck carrying millions of bees crashes in Utah. Small businesses in Florida are cringing over a new increase in workers? compensation rates. The rural economy rises slightly. Chicago?s regional activity improves (pdf). Small-business owners are excited about a new Wal-Mart? in Amherst, N.Y. Several barbers in Florida?s Orange County are humiliated in front of their customers. Marcellus shale has been very good to Pennsylvanians. Here?s what they were doing in Atlantic City 100 years ago.

Ideas: Sell Your Family?

The National Small Business Association?s 2011 energy survey finds that over the past three years 82 percent of small-business owners have taken one or more steps to reduce the amount of energy their businesses consume. Admit it: you never knew these 13 punctuation marks existed. Noobpreneur finds three small-business trends to watch. Isabelle Mercier Turcotte shares ideas for making money online, such as, ?Sell your family.? Charles Mann explains how the potato changed the world. A truly brilliant idea: dress as a referee and start a brawl.

Your People: A Business Owner Changes 100 Lives

Zappos?s chief executive tells how he keeps employees happy. A small-business owner gives 100 unemployed women makeovers for their next job interview. Here are 50 motivational people on the Web. Johnny Depp gives Ricky Gervais a piece of his mind. I.B.M. embraces gaming to train and develop employees. Small Business Trends lists the 10 best management books for small-business owners. Some people did amazing things this year. But Chaz Bono got the boot.

Red Tape Update: The I.R.S. Is on Track

A government verification system for new hires backfires and hurts small business. The Internal Revenue Service is on track to enforce taxes and penalties from the health care legislation. Dwyane Wade, Chris Paul and Carmelo Anthony play in a Jewish league. Here?s a useful business tip: Don?t delay your payment of payroll taxes. Gallup finds government regulation remains the top concern among small-business owners. The withholding tax on government contracts comes back to bite businesses.

Around the World: Some Disturbing Numbers From China

The Europeans buy some time. Brett Jensen shares 10 disturbing numbers from China (while all attention is on Europe), including: ?1,400 percent. The amount of median family income in Shanghai it takes to buy an apartment. This is up from 600 percent 10 years ago. Other major cities show similar rises. This is a sign of a huge property bubble.? A new service connects American manufacturers to Chinese customers. China pours money into smart grid technology. Four ideas are shared at Beijing?s Startup Weekend. Jonathan Ortmans says Malaysia continues to transform itself from a producer of raw materials in the 1970s to an upper-middle-income country with a multisector economy. Business conditions improve for the Solomon Islands. A London retailer creates the world?s first farm in a shop.

Technology: Can It Make a Phone Call?

Bill.com adds e-billing to its billing and invoicing app. Joe Mandese says the latest mobile app is ? phone calls? Here?s how Netflix lost 800,000 customers. Citrix drives down the cost of virtual desktops. The iPad is killing our hotel Wi-Fi connections. Facebook is becoming an online payment provider. Apple joins Oreo and Capri Sun as the most popular youth brands. There?s a new app to deter bullies. Oracle aims to expand its cloud lineup. Not all of Google?s products have been successful. Cloud computing is projected to account for one-quarter of the Federal information technology budget. H.P.?s Meg Whitman joins the board of a mobile marketplace company. Ed Bott warns small businesses to beware the Office 365 fine print. Here are five iPad apps for remote workers.

The Week Ahead: An Unemployment Drop Predicted

Expect some volatility. The Institute?for Supply Management tells us how much purchasing managers are buying. The Federal Open Market Committee issues its statement and will have a press conference on monetary policy. ADP releases employment numbers for the month, and on Friday we?ll get the government?s new unemployment rate. Gallup predicts a big drop.

The Week?s Bests

Reason to Not Start a Company. Penelope Trunk suggests red flags for when you know it?s time to leave your start-up, including ?Marital exhaustion?: ?The dirty secret about start-up founders is they can?t keep marriages together. Part of the reason for this is they are crazy to begin with. And part of the reason is that you have to be married to your company to do a start-up. So divorce rates are high, especially among women, because they are much less likely to have a spouse who is willing to stay home and keep the family intact. So I got a divorce. It was on the cover of The New York Times. And all P.R. is good P.R., of course, but I realized, while I was going through the process, that I wanted a successful marriage more than I wanted a successful career. And then I thought, ?No. I want both.? And I became exhausted wondering how women get both. (Until I realized, oh, this is why women don?t do start-ups.)?

Reason to Not Start a Company With Your Spouse. Michael Idov opened a charming neighborhood coffee shop, ?then it destroyed my life?: ?Within weeks, Lily and I ? previously ensconced in an enviably stress-free marriage ? were at each other?s throats. I hesitate to say which was worse: working the same shift or alternating. Each option presented its own small tortures. Two highly educated professionals with artistic aspirations have just put themselves ? or, as we saw it, each other ? on $8-per-hour jobs slinging coffee. After four more months, we grew suspicious of each other?s motives, obsessively kept track of each other?s contributions to the cause (?You worked three days last week!?), and generally waltzed on the edge of divorce. The marriage appears to have been saved by a well-timed bankruptcy.?

This Week?s Question: Do you work with your spouse? How?s it going?

Gene Marks owns the Marks Group, a Bala Cynwyd, Pa., consulting firm that helps clients with customer relationship management. You can follow him on Twitter.

Source: http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/31/this-week-in-small-business-the-backlash/

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Sunday, October 30, 2011

Is FX crazy to pick up Charlie Sheen's new sitcom? (The Week)

New York ? The cable network weds itself to the erratic sitcom star ? agreeing to air as many as 100 episodes of Sheen's?Anger Management

As CBS frets over the flat-lining ratings of the Charlie Sheen-less Two and a Half Men, another network is getting into bed with the troubled sitcom star. Sheen's new comedy series, Anger Management, has been picked up by FX for a potential 100 episodes. According to the deal, FX is committed to airing the first 10 episodes as soon as next summer; if they achieve a certain ratings benchmark, the network is obligated to pick up 90 more. Anger Management will be based on the 2003 Adam Sandler-Jack Nicholson movie, and Sheen will play a therapist who may require more help than his patients. It will be his first regular TV role since being dismissed from Two and a Half Men last winter. Is FX taking a huge gamble by agreeing to this seemingly Sheen-friendly deal?

This is a smart move: "The potential upside is huge," says Ken Tucker at Entertainment Weekly. If Sheen's new show gives FX just a slice of Two and a Half Men's ratings, "the show would be a game changer" for the network. Remember, FX already airs repeats of Men, which?have proven to be "a very solid draw" already. The huge ratings of the CBS show's fall premiere (which now stars Ashton Kutcher) was also credited to America's curiosity about all things Sheen-related. Both factors bode well for Anger Management.
"5 reasons FX bought Charlie Sheen's sitcom"

The terms of the deal are good for FX, too: This arrangement mimics what TBS used for the Tyler Perry sitcoms Meet the Browns and House of Payne, says Lisa de Moraes at The Washington Post. The advantage of greenlighting 90 additional episodes at once is that the studio "piles up 100 episodes a whole lot faster than if the show were sold" and filmed in season-long fragments. This upfront commitment could accelerate production and shorten ? perhaps by years ? how long the network has to deal with Sheen. That means FX "has to make sure that Sheen stays at Sober Valley Lodge for a whole lot less time" than CBS did.
"Charlie Sheen's Anger Management to air on FX next summer"

Are you kidding? Sheen will probably blow up in FX's face: Yes, there's a chance that both sides could end up winning, says Kevin Yeoman at Screen Rant, but there is a greater "potential for catastrophe." FX seems to have "found the promise of dollar signs" worth the risk of working with Sheen. Sure, the erratic actor has been on his best behavior lately. But "the star has had periods like this before," and they have reliably been "undone by a maelstrom of headline-grabbing antics."
"Charlie Sheen's Anger Management series to air on FX"

It also sends the wrong message to Sheen: The actor should still be suffering the repercussions for his terrible behavior, not landing sitcom deals, says James Poniewozik at TIME. This is a man, after all, who didn't just feud with Men producer Chuck Lorre, but also exhibited a pattern of alleged domestic violence. It may not be a TV's network responsibility to dole out justice for that, but it's still depressing that by picking up his sitcom, FX allows Sheen to feel that he is "redeemed, that he is bulletproof, that he is indeed [catchphrasing] in the end."
"Charlie Sheen to have sitcom on FX, possibly until the end of time"

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/oped/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/theweek/20111028/cm_theweek/220880

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How To Examine Low cost Car Insurance coverage Quotes ...

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Saturday, October 29, 2011

Weekly Rewind: Steve Jobs' secrets revealed, Nokia's last stand, HP PCs live on (Digital Trends)

Netflix-Reed-Hastings

Didn?t have time to keep up with every ripple in the technology pond this week? We?ve got you covered. Here are some of the most noteworthy stories from last week.

Nokia bets big on Mango-powered Lumia 800, 710

This week, Finnish phone-maker Nokia launched the Lumia 800 and 710 ? the company?s first two phones powered by Windows Phone 7.5. The new phones have impressive specs and feature Nokia-exclusive apps like turn-by-turn navigation, a public transportation guide, an ESPN hub, and a radio-like music service, but they won?t even arrive in the U.S. until 2012. As Jeffrey Van Camp spells out, that means Nokia will have to act fast to stay relevant. We?ve got photos of the new Nokia phones, which come in a variety of color, right here.?

Steve Jobs: Angry, opinionated, brilliant

The tech world is still buzzing about Steve Jobs this week thanks to a new, hugely successful biography written (with cooperation from Jobs) by author Walter Isaacson. The late Apple innovator was also featured on CBS? 60 Minutes in a two-part segment that gives fans a little more insight into the life of the man who brought the company back from the dead. We also found out what the biggest revelations are in the newly-released biography, including thoughts about rivals like Bill Gates and a desire to keep third-party apps off of the iPhone.?

IBM takes on a new CEO?

IBM?s current CEO Sam Palmisano will be retiring at the end of this year, and the company has decided to take on Senior Vice President (and IBM veteran since 1981) Virginia Rometty. The company recently surpassed Microsoft as the second most valuable technology company in the world, and according to sources, much of that success has been due to Rommetty?s contributions.?

Netflix continues its downfall

This week we found out that Netflix lost 800,000 subscribers in Q3, despite a jump in the company?s revenue. Customers have been dissatisfied with the company?s recent changes and fumbles, and it?s showing in the numbers. It?s anticipated that the company will go into the red in Q4 to pay for international expansion. The company?s CEO also recently detailed new Netflix strategies that seem oddly similar to those of rival HBO.?

Rest assured, HP is still making PCs

Back in August, rumblings?from HP?s former CEO Leo Apotheker that the company was considering selling off the Personal Systems Group (HP PCs as we know them) in favor of other areas of business. This week we heard back from current CEO Meg Whitman that despite those considerations, HP will continue making PCs for the time being.?

This article was originally posted on Digital Trends

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/applecomputer/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/digitaltrends/20111029/tc_digitaltrends/weeklyrewindstevejobssecretsrevealednokiaslaststandhppcsliveon

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Perry says 'no doubt' Obama is an American citizen (AP)

WASHINGTON ? Republican presidential candidate Rick Perry said Wednesday that he has "no doubt" that President Barack Obama is an American citizen, staking out a definitive position on the matter after spending several days stoking widely debunked claims that the Democrat was born overseas.

Perry's comments come as he's struggling to right his troubled campaign, and as some Republicans question whether he's done irreparable damage to his run by dabbling in the so-called "birther" controversy in recent days.

Some Republicans privately worry that his comments about Obama's birth certificate may have endeared him to the party's conservative wing that questions the legitimacy of Obama's presidency but also may have started to marginalize the Texas governor from the larger electorate. That could put the general election at risk should Perry win the GOP nomination.

His comments certainly irked several GOP luminaries, like former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, who in recent days have urged Republican presidential candidates to stop raising the issue. Others, like Mississippi Gov. Haley Barbour and campaign rival Jon Huntsman say it's bad for the GOP.

"If we take our eye off the ball called debt, if we take our eye off the ball called our position in the world ? continue going with you know, two wars simultaneously ? of course we can lose it," Utah's former governor said, speaking on ABC news' political webcast "Top Line" on Wednesday. "And if we kind of begin wasting time on the nonsensical and the silly issues like birtherism."

Karl Rove, George W. Bush's political strategist, said Perry may be hurting his campaign. "You associate yourself with a nutty view like that, and you damage yourself," Rove said on Fox News.

Perhaps for that reason, Perry seemed to try to put the issue to rest in an interview with two Florida news organizations, Bay News 9's "Political Connections" in Tampa and the St. Petersburg Times.

Asked whether he had any doubt that Obama was an American citizen, Perry said: "I have no doubt about it." But he also suggested that raising the issue is "fun" and that people should "lighten up a little bit."

"I don't think I was expressing doubts," Perry said of his comments in recent days that raised questions about Obama's birthplace. "I was having some fun with Donald Trump," the real estate mogul who this summer flirted with a presidential run and stoked the "birther" talk.

Speculation about Obama's birthplace ? a way to question whether his presidency is legitimate_ has swirled among conservatives for years. As Trump fanned the issue earlier this year, Obama held a news conference to release his long-form birth certificate and try to put the issue to rest.

While other Republican presidential candidates have kept their distance on the issue, Perry deeply waded into the topic in an interview published over the weekend in Parade magazine. He was quoted as saying that he has "no reason to believe" that Obama was not born in the United States. He also said he still wasn't sure if Obama's birth certificate is legit.

"I don't have a definitive answer," Perry said in that interview. And when it was suggested that Perry ? and the world ? had seen Obama's birth certificate, Perry said: "I don't know. Have I?"

Then, in an interview with CNBC and The New York Times, Perry said the birth certificate question was "a good issue to keep alive."

"It's fun to poke him a little bit," Perry said.

And by Tuesday, Perry refused in South Carolina to answer a reporter's direct question about whether he believed Obama when he offered proof ? in the form of a birth certificate ? that he was born in Hawaii.

"I'll cut you off right there," Perry said when asked about Obama's birth certificate. "That is one of the biggest distractions that there is going. We need to be talking about jobs."

Perry also offered to release his own birth certificate, saying: "If somebody wants to see my birth certificate, I'd be happy to show it to them," Perry said. "But the fact is that this is a distraction, and Americans really don't care about that, if you want to know the truth of the matter."

`

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/politics/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111026/ap_on_el_pr/us_perry_obama_birthplace

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Friday, October 28, 2011

Insight: China premier-in-waiting schooled in era of dissent (Reuters)

BEIJING (Reuters) ? Li Keqiang, China's likely next premier, once huddled beside Yang Baikui in a Beijing university dorm, translating a book by an English judge, little separating the future Communist Party leader from his classmate who would be jailed as a subversive.

Over three decades ago, Vice Premier Li and Yang entered prestigious Peking University, both members of the storied "class of '77" who passed the first higher education entrance exams held after Mao Zedong's convulsive Cultural Revolution.

More than any other Chinese party leader until now, Li was immersed in the intellectual and political ferment of the following decade of reform under Deng Xiaoping, which ended in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests that were crushed by troops.

As a law student at Peking University, Li befriended ardent pro-democracy advocates, some of whom later became outright challengers to party control. His friends included activists who went into exile after the June 1989 crackdown.

Now Li, 56, is preparing to take the reins of government, and Yang and other sometime friends wonder how those heady times will shape his role running a one-party state that has increasingly bristled at calls for political relaxation.

"When we were working on translating the book and exchanging ideas, I thought his views were very liberal," Yang recalled of Li, who as an English speaker is a rarity among senior Chinese leaders.

"His leanings were clearly pro-Western ideas. He certainly wasn't conservative," said Yang, now a bald 61-year-old translator in Beijing, in a recent interview. "When he opened his mouth, it wasn't Mao slogans."

"I personally think his past certainly left an impact, but he's also been an official for over two decades, and so that's also a factor," said Yang, who was jailed for nearly a year on "counter-revolutionary" charges after helping write petitions and offer advice in the 1989 demonstrations.

Li has visited North and South Korea this week in Beijing's latest effort to lift his profile. The secretive Communist Party will wait until a congress in late 2012 to confirm who will succeed President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao, and the new premier will then be formally anointed by parliament in early 2013.

The Chinese translation that Li, Yang and a fellow student, Liu Yongan, labored over -- "The Due Process Law" by Lord Alfred Denning -- was recently reissued, a perhaps inadvertent reminder of the past of the man likely to succeed Premier Wen.

Li himself has been nearly silent about his university years. But his experiences could mark him out as more politically pragmatic than present leaders, including his patron, President Hu, said classmates and acquaintances of Li.

"Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao were members of a red generation that had no opportunity to learn English or immerse themselves in new ideas or Western thought," said Chen Ziming, back then a student-activist at another school who campaigned with Li's classmates and got to know him.

"But the generation of Li Keqiang is different, and because of his law specialty and the length of his education, he was much more exposed to the new influences than, say, Xi Jinping," said Chen, referring to President Hu's likely successor.

"We don't know for sure what this difference means, but it's there, waiting to manifest itself in the future, if the opportunity arises," said Chen, who was jailed after the 1989 crackdown and lives in Beijing, writing on politics.

Xi spent years in countryside during the Cultural Revolution, but got into university earlier than Li. Despite that, Xi too has attracted talk that he could be more pragmatic.

ENGLISH

The man nearly certain to be China's next premier once spent hours every day muttering the unfamiliar English words that promised to unlock a world of previously forbidden knowledge.

Li was among the 273,000 examinees to win university and college places in the intensely competitive entrance test of 1977, when reformers began to revive conventional schooling upended by Mao's upheavals.

Li arrived at Peking University in early 1978 from Anhui province in eastern China, dirt-poor farming country where his father was an official. He chose law, a discipline silenced for years as a reactionary pursuit and in the late 1970s still steeped in Soviet-inspired doctrines.

"Keqiang was tireless in studying English to the point that young people nowadays would find hard to imagine," He Qinhua, one of Li's 82 law classmates in the same year wrote in a memoir. "He recited it while walking, while queued up at the canteen, while on the bus and waiting for the bus."

Li's thirst for foreign ideas brought him close to Gong Xiangrui, one of the few Chinese law professors schooled in the West to survive Mao's purges. Gong studied at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the 1930s, and was a living bridge to long-dormant liberal ideas that spread through student circles in the early 1980s.

The old professor took a shining to the skinny, earnest Li, who become one of several disciples who helped prepare a textbook and translate books, including Lord Denning's, according to mentions in Gong's recently published posthumous memoirs and in his 1985 textbook on Western constitutional law.

In a brief memoir of his time at Peking University, Li paid tribute to Gong and recalled the heady atmosphere of the time.

"I was a student at Peking University for close to a decade, while a so-called 'knowledge explosion' was rapidly expanding," Li wrote in an essay published in a 2008 book.

"I was searching for not just knowledge, but also to mold a temperament, to cultivate a scholarly outlook."

At the time, Deng Xiaoping was shepherding China toward market reforms, but many students and a few officials hankered for bolder political changes that alarmed party conservatives.

The ideas about rights, rule of law and popular representation that Li's cohort encountered in books, lectures and study groups percolated into those broader debates.

"Gong Xiangrui advocated a separation of powers and a multi-party system, and some of his ideas remain taboo even today," said Jiang Ming'an, a classmate of Li's, in a report published by China's Southern Weekend newspaper in 2007.

"Constitutional government is the road to rule of law, and rule of law is the first step toward democracy," Gong said in a lecture in San Francisco in 1996, shortly before his death.

"The Chinese people should fully achieve constitutional democracy in the coming century," he said.

Some of Li's classmates remember that he too was also carried along by that idealism of the time.

"The Li Keqiang that I knew in the past was quite bold. He was high-minded, bold and idealistic," said Wang Juntao, who has been in exile since 1994 and is now co-chairman of the China Democratic Party, which campaigns for change in his homeland.

Wang was a physics student at Peking University who ran a study group with Li. He was jailed as a "black hand" for his prominence in supporting the 1989 student protests.

"Among all the younger leaders, Li Keqiang is the only one who's lived and debated alongside these liberals," Wang said by telephone from New Jersey.

"He understands us, he's argued with us."

ELECTION TIME

In late 1980, those debates spilled out of crowded classrooms and dormitory rooms, when officials allowed students at Peking University and other schools to compete in competitive elections for places on local assemblies.

Months earlier Deng Xiaoping had signaled he might tolerate experiments in political reform. Peking University drew national attention as it tested how far those experiments might go.

More than two dozen students put themselves forward, including Wang Juntao, Yang Baikui and other friends of Li, promoting bold calls for democratic reform at meetings attracting hundreds of students, witnesses have said in memoirs.

Back then, the distinction between political "insiders" and "outsiders" -- those who acted under party patronage and those who acted on their own accord -- was more fluid and blurred.

Wang Juntao nominated Li to seek election as head of a student committee to oversee the larger student council, a position he won, Wang recalled.

But Li was away studying off-campus during the 1980 elections or kept aloof from them, according to varied memories of his friends. Yang Baikui -- the fellow translator -- and the student-activist Chen Ziming both said Li backed a more moderate candidate, Zhang Wei, who said economic reform was the priority.

"Their view wasn't against political reform, but it was that economic reform was more urgent," said Chen. "Li Keqiang was a bit more conservative in that way, but he also wanted reform."

Alarmed by the passions of the student elections, Deng drew back from political relaxation. As the 1980s progressed, Deng curbed demands for dramatic political reform, bringing the more ardent members of Li's cohort into growing conflict with party conservatives, a confrontation that culminated in 1989.

But while classmates headed off to policy research, independent activism and even outright dissent, Li struck a more cautious course, abandoning ideas of study abroad and climbing the ladder of the Communist Party's Youth League, then a reformist-tinged ladder to higher office.

He rose in the Youth League while completing a master's degree in law at Peking University and then an economics doctorate there under Professor Li Yining, a well-known advocate of market reforms.

In 1998, he was sent to Henan province, a poor and restless belt of rural central China, rising to become Party secretary for two years. In late 2004, he was made party chief of Liaoning, a rustbelt province striving to attract investment and reinvent itself as a modern industrial heartland.

Rumors have occasionally spread that Li's past contacts with now-exiled dissidents, including Wang Juntao, derailed his prospects for becoming China's president and party chief, a more powerful post than premier, said Wang.

But Li's prospects of becoming next premier appear increasingly assured, a point bolstered by recent high-profile trips abroad and major policy speeches. His diplomatic forays also show he has kept his English.

"The fact that Li Keqiang has been able to constantly rise in the official ranks, and to win the liking of key people, shows that he's undergone big changes," said Wang.

Li's patron, President Hu, began his tenure as leader with promises of respecting the law and constitution. But latterly his government has overseen a crackdown on dissent that resorted to widespread extra-judicial detentions.

Yang, the former classmate, said he had not had any contact with Li since the 1980s, and could only speculate at how deep a mark Li's university years had left.

"I think it could make him more open and inclusive, more democratic, if the conditions allow. His ideas of rule of law might go deeper," said Yang. "But he couldn't show any of that now. That would be too dangerous."

(Editing by Brian Rhoads and Raju Gopalakrishnan)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/world/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111028/wl_nm/us_china_politcs_li

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UN: Leaded fuel to be gone by 2013

(AP) ? Leaded gasoline, once so widespread it was sold at U.S. pumps as "regular" fuel, is expected to be eradicated globally within two years, the United Nations Environment Program announced Thursday.

With the end of leaded gasoline in sight, public health and environmental advocates are claiming victory in a fight that stretches all the way back to when it was first added to gasoline in the 1920s.

Leaded gasoline is still used in six nations. Afghanistan, Algeria, Iraq, North Korea, Myanmar and Yemen are expected to complete the phase-out by 2013, said the U.N., which is assisting those nations.

The elimination of leaded gasoline has increased IQ scores, lowered lead-in-blood levels by up to 90 percent and prevented the premature deaths of more than 1.2 million people annually, according to a new study by Thomas Hatfield, chairman of California State University, Northridge's department of environmental and occupational health.

"We live in a time when politicians and lobbyists make sport out of pitting the economy against public health," said Peter Lehner, executive director of the Natural Resources Defense Council. "This study flies in the face of those petty politics."

In 2002, the NRDC and the U.N. Environmental Program began a final push to eradicate leaded fuel by founding the Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles, which helps developing nations with the switch to unleaded gasoline.

Most of the six nations still using leaded gasoline are only using small amounts, said Jim Sniffen, a U.N. Environment Program spokesman. They are working with the U.N. and partner agencies to conduct blood testing for lead levels and develop plans to phase out leaded fuel, he said.

Lead became the gasoline additive of choice in the 1920s, after General Motors, DuPont and Standard Oil of New Jersey, the forerunner of Exxon, chose it over clean-burning ethanol and other alternatives as a way to make engines run better. It became universal despite warnings from public health advocates and a scandal over the deaths in 1924 of six refinery workers in Newark, New Jersey, who were poisoned while manufacturing it and "were led away in straitjackets," said Bill Kovarik, a journalist and communication professor at Radford University who researched the history of leaded gasoline.

"Historically, there are only a handful of major environmental victories like this," Kovarik said. "It took 90 years to eradicate what was always a well-known poison from a product that everyone uses. It's a great achievement, but it really says something about how public health works globally, that it took so long ... Benjamin Franklin complained about lead poisoning in print shops."

The industry falsely claimed that there were no alternatives to lead, which was more profitable, and gained control over the government's scientific study of it, Kovarik said.

Eventually, exposure to airborne lead was found to cause brain, kidney and cardiovascular damage. In children, it was found to lower IQ levels and shorten attention spans.

A public health crisis again erupted around lead in the 1960s as the environmental movement bloomed. A lawsuit filed by the NRDC in 1973 lead to the Environmental Protection Agency regulating lead in gasoline and finally banning it as an additive in 1986.

"This is an environmental issue that was rediscovered and it was finally phased out, but it could have been done early on with even the slightest precaution, because everyone knew about lead poisonings," Kovarik said.

"As we look to some future of environmental sanity, this is a great example of where we could have done better. We have to learn from this."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2011-10-27-UN-UN-Leaded-Fuels/id-a3aa04fed24d436aacaf82055f623d87

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Wednesday, October 26, 2011

MTV's Killer Halloween: Split Personality

Welcome to MTV's Killer Halloween! All week long, we're looking at ten of the greatest horror movie villains of all time, and with your help, we'll determine once and for all just how powerful these murdering psychopaths and evil masterminds really are.
Our contestants: Freddy Krueger ("A Nightmare on Elm Street"), Jason Voorhees ("Friday the [...]

Source: http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2011/10/26/mtvs-killer-halloween-split-personality/

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Lockdown lifted at Va. college after bomb threat

The lockdown at a small central Virginia college has been lifted after a bomb threat forced the evacuation of residence halls overnight.

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Southern Virginia University lifted the lockdown at 5:30 a.m. Monday after police and K-9 bomb squad dogs searched and cleared buildings at the school in Buena Vista.

The school says on its website that a bomb threat was called in to the college around 10 p.m. Sunday. Students were notified of the threat via email and text message.

Students were allowed to return to residence halls around 3:45 a.m. Monday.

University officials say they believe campus is secure, but reminded students to report anything suspicious. Classes will resume Monday morning.

The private, 750-student liberal arts college embraces the values of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45013312/ns/us_news/

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Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Panetta: US at 'turning point,' to refocus on Asia (AP)

TOKYO ? The winding down of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan marks a pivot point for the U.S. military, which must now focus on looming threats such as the rising military might of China, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta said Monday.

Panetta used his first visit to Japan as Pentagon chief to sound an emerging theme of the Obama administration: America will remain a global economic and military power despite coming budget reductions, and the Asia-Pacific region will be central to U.S. national security strategy.

In a question-and-answer session with U.S. and Japanese troops at Yokota Air Base, Panetta ticked off a list of threats that he said demand more U.S. attention as it completes its departure from Iraq this year and targets 2014 for the withdrawal of combat forces from Afghanistan. He mentioned cyberattacks, the nuclear ambitions of Iran and North Korea, Mideast turmoil and "rising powers" ? an allusion to China.

"Today we are at a turning point after a decade of war," Panetta said. Al-Qaida is among a range of concerns that will keep the military busy, but as a traditional Pacific power the United States needs to invest more effort in building a wider and deeper network of alliances and partnerships.in this region, he said.

"Most importantly, we have the opportunity to strengthen our presence in the Pacific ? and we will," he said.

He did not elaborate on whether that would mean adding ships or other forces, but he emphatically said budget cuts would not be a factor.

"We are not anticipating any cutbacks in this region," he said.

In an opinion piece published Monday in a Japanese newspaper, Panetta accused North Korea of "reckless and provocative" acts and criticized China for a secretive expansion of its military power.

He wrote that Washington and Japan share common challenges in Asia and the Pacific.

"China is rapidly modernizing its military," he wrote, "but with a troubling lack of transparency, coupled with increasingly assertive activity in the East and South China Seas."

China's military budget of $95 billion this year is the world's second-highest after Washington's planned $650 billion. Beijing is developing weapons such as the "carrier killer" DF 21D missile that analysts say might threaten U.S. warships and alter the regional balance of power.

Panetta wrote that Japan and the U.S. would work together to "encourage China to play a responsible role in the international community."

A day earlier, in Bali, Indonesia, Panetta offered more positive remarks about China. He told reporters that Beijing deserved praise for a relatively mild response to a $5.8 billion U.S. arms sale to Taiwan announced in September.

Panetta is not visiting China on this trip, but the Obama administration has worked to improve historically weak military ties with China. Panetta's predecessor, Robert Gates, argued that both sides needed to better understand one another's capabilities and motives, the better to prevent miscalculations or misunderstandings. U.S. Navy ships have had run-ins with Chinese ships in disputed waters, for example, but China insists its military rise is peaceful and poses no threat to the U.S.

Panetta is focusing more directly during this trip on the threat posed by North Korea, which he said in his opinion piece "continues to engage in reckless and provocative behavior and is developing nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles, which pose a threat not just to Japan but to the entire region."

The problem of North Korea involves not only the historical weight of Japan's occupation of Korea from 1910 to the end of World War II, but also China's support for communist North Korea. China fought U.S. forces as a North Korean ally during the 1950-53 Korean War, which remains an unsettled issue.

Panetta's strong language coincided with the start of talks in Geneva between U.S. and North Korean officials in what Washington calls at effort to determine whether Pyongyang is serious about returning to nuclear disarmament talks. Japan also worries about North Korea and is one of five countries that have jointly tried to persuade the North Koreans to cap and reverse their nuclear arms program. The other four are the U.S., China, Russia and South Korea.

The U.S. has about 47,000 troops in Japan and about 28,000 in South Korea, and it is studying near-term possibilities for bolstering the U.S. position in Asia ? not necessarily by adding more troops but by increasing U.S. Navy port calls and doing more regular exercises with Asian and Pacific nations.

President Barack Obama plans to visit Indonesia in November to attend an East Asia summit meeting, following a visit to Australia. He also will host a meeting of Asia-Pacific leaders in Hawaii in November.

Panetta arrived in Japan from Bali, where he met with defense ministers from the 10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations. On Tuesday, Panetta is scheduled to meet with Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda as well as Japan's defense and foreign ministers. On Wednesday he is to meet with U.S. sailors aboard a ship at nearby Yokosuka Naval Base and then travel to South Korea for annual security consultations.

___

Robert Burns can be reached on Twitter at http://twitter.com/robertburnsAP

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/us/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111024/ap_on_re_as/as_panetta_asia

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How plants sense low oxygen levels to survive flooding

ScienceDaily (Oct. 23, 2011) ? As countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam and parts of the United States and United Kingdom have fallen victim to catastrophic flooding in recent years, tolerance of crops to partial or complete submergence is a key target for global food security. Starved of oxygen, crops cannot survive a flood for long periods of time, leading to drastic reductions in yields for farmers.

Experts at the University of California, Riverside and The University of Nottingham now report they have discovered how plants sense low oxygen levels to survive flooding -- a finding that could lead eventually to the production of high-yielding, flood-tolerant crops, benefiting farmers, markets and consumers everywhere.

Specifically, the researchers identified the molecular mechanism involved. This mechanism controls key plant proteins, causing them to be unstable when oxygen levels are normal. When roots or shoots are flooded and oxygen levels drop, these proteins become stable.

"When a plant cell is starved for oxygen, it cannot efficiently generate adenosine triphosphate or ATP, the high-energy molecule plants use for energy storage," explained Julia Bailey-Serres, one of the key researchers participating in the study and a professor of genetics in the Department of Botany and Plant Sciences at UC Riverside. "Because the plant cannot generate enough energy to sustain normal growth, it tries a different approach: it taps into its energy reserves, resulting in more sugars breaking down, as opposed to when oxygen is available, in order to produce ATP. These subtle changes in metabolism are characteristic of low oxygen stress in plant and animal cells. It's similar to the production of lactic acid in our bodies when we exercise. We produce lactic acid as a by-product because we are not producing energy aerobically."

The study describing the oxygen-sensing protein turnover mechanism appears online Oct. 23 in Nature.

"The mechanism controls key regulatory proteins called transcription factors that can turn other genes on and off," explained Michael Holdsworth, a professor of crop science at the University of Nottingham who co-led the research project with Bailey-Serres. "It is the unusual structure of these proteins that destines them for destruction under normal oxygen levels, but when oxygen levels decline, they become stable. Their stability results in changes in gene expression and metabolism that enhance survival in the low oxygen conditions brought on by flooding. When the plants return to normal oxygen levels, the proteins are again degraded, providing a feedback control mechanism."

Bailey-Serres, a member of UCR's Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and an international expert in plant responses to flooding, has been working since 2003 on the cellular mechanisms that regulate submergence tolerance in rice. Her lab has focused on SUB1A, a gene responsible for tolerance of complete submergence in rice and found only in some low-yielding rice varieties in India and Sri Lanka. Her lab is renowned for having characterized the roles of the SUB1A gene that has been bred into modern rice varieties to allow plants to survive two weeks or longer of complete submergence caused by Monsoon rains.

In the current work, the researchers performed their experiments on Arabidopsis, a small flowering plant used widely in plant biology laboratories as a model organism. SUB1A-like proteins are present in other plants, including Arabidopsis. While the protein turnover mechanism targets SUB1A-like proteins in Arabidopsis, the researchers found, to their surprise, that rice SUB1A is resistant to the protein turnover mechanism.

"We think that SUB1A's ability to evade destruction by the protein turnover mechanism under normal oxygen levels may allow it to provide its benefit to submerged rice plants," Bailey-Serres said. "The SUB1A gene is switched on by ethylene gas that accumulates inside cells during submergence. Since the protein does not require a scarcity of oxygen to be stable, it can go to work early to aid the plant."

Holdsworth, an international expert in seed biology and a protein turnover mechanism called the "N-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis," had the first hint of the discovery while investigating the regulation of gene expression during seed germination. He connected the N-end rule pathway to the Arabidopsis SUB1A-like proteins and their regulation of genes associated with low oxygen stress that Bailey-Serres has studied extensively in Arabidopsis.

"The puzzle pieces fell quickly into place when the expertise of the two teams was combined," he said.

The research team expects that over the next decade scientists will be able to manipulate the protein turnover mechanism in a wide range of crops prone to damage by flooding.

Bailey-Serres and Holdsworth and were joined in the study by Seung Cho Lee (co-first author), a graduate student, and Takeshi Fukao, an associate specialist in botany and plant sciences, at UCR; Daniel Gibbs (co-first author), Nurukhikma Md Isa, Silvia Gramuglia, George W. Bassel, and Cristina Sousa Correia at The University of Nottingham; Francoise Corbineau at the Universit? Pierre & Marie Curie, France; and Frederica L. Theodoulou at Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom.

Bailey-Serres's group was supported by grants from the US Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the US National Science Foundation. Holdsworth's group was funded for this research project by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

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Journal Reference:

  1. Daniel J. Gibbs, Seung Cho Lee, Nurulhikma Md Isa, Silvia Gramuglia, Takeshi Fukao, George W. Bassel, Cristina Sousa Correia, Fran?oise Corbineau, Frederica L. Theodoulou, Julia Bailey-Serres, Michael J. Holdsworth. Homeostatic response to hypoxia is regulated by the N-end rule pathway in plants. Nature, 2011; DOI: 10.1038/nature10534

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111023135721.htm

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Monday, October 24, 2011

Seeger, Guthrie join Wall Street protest

Activist musician Pete Seeger, 92, center, sings before a crowd of nearly a thousand demonstrators sympathetic to the Occupy Wall Street protests at a brief acoustic concert in Columbus Circle, Saturday, Oct. 22, 2011, in New York. The demonstrators marched down Broadway singing "This Little Light of Mine" and other folk and gospel songs while ad-libbing lines about corporate greed and social justice. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

Activist musician Pete Seeger, 92, center, sings before a crowd of nearly a thousand demonstrators sympathetic to the Occupy Wall Street protests at a brief acoustic concert in Columbus Circle, Saturday, Oct. 22, 2011, in New York. The demonstrators marched down Broadway singing "This Little Light of Mine" and other folk and gospel songs while ad-libbing lines about corporate greed and social justice. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

Activist musician Pete Seeger, 92, center, marches with nearly a thousand demonstrators sympathetic to the Occupy Wall Street protests for a brief acoustic concert in Columbus Circle, Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, in New York. The demonstrators marched down Broadway singing "This Little Light of Mine" and other folk and gospel songs while ad-libbing lines about corporate greed and social justice. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

Activist musician Pete Seeger, 92, exits the Symphony Space on the Upper West Side to march with nearly a thousand demonstrators sympathetic to the Occupy Wall Street protests for a brief acoustic concert in Columbus Circle, Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, in New York. The demonstrators marched down Broadway singing "This Little Light of Mine" and other folk and gospel songs while ad-libbing lines about corporate greed and social justice. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

Demonstrators symphathetic to the Occupy Wall Street protests wait for activist musician Pete Seeger, 92, to exit the Symphony Space on the Upper West Side and march together to Columbus Circle for a brief acoustic concert, Friday, Oct. 21, 2011, in New York. Nearly a thousand people marched down Broadway singing "This Little Light of Mine" and other folk and gospel songs while ad-libbing lines about corporate greed and social justice. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

Demonstrators sympathetic to the Occupy Wall Street protests sing at a brief acoustic concert featuring activist musician Pete Seeger, not shown, in Columbus Circle, Saturday, Oct. 22, 2011, in New York. The demonstrators marched down Broadway singing "This Little Light of Mine" and other folk and gospel songs while ad-libbing lines about corporate greed and social justice. (AP Photo/John Minchillo)

(AP) ? Folk music legend Pete Seeger and '60s folk singer Arlo Guthrie joined Occupy Wall Street demonstrators Friday in their campaign against corporate greed while residents near the protest park encampment pushed to regain some peace and quiet in their neighborhood.

Seeger joined in the Occupy Wall Street protest Friday night, replacing his banjo with two canes as he marched with throngs of people in New York City's tony Upper West Side past banks and shiny department stores.

The 92-year-old Seeger, accompanied by musician-grandson Tao Rodriguez Seeger, composer David Amram, and bluesman Guy Davis, shouted out the verses of protest anthems as the crowd of about 1,000 people sang and chanted.

They marched peacefully over more than 30 blocks from Symphony Space, where the Seegers and other musicians performed, to Columbus Circle. Police watched from the sidelines.

Occupy Wall Street began a month ago in lower Manhattan among a few young people, and has grown to tens of thousands around the country and the world. A recent Associated Press-GfK poll says more than one-third of the country supports the Wall Street protesters, and even more ? 58 percent ? say they are furious about America's politics.

But the encampment at Zuccotti Park has become more than a tolerable nuisance, some neighborhood residents say. At a meeting Thursday, they complained of protesters urinating in the streets and beating drums in the middle of the night. Some called for the protesters to vacate the park.

The area's community board voted unanimously for a resolution that recognized the protesters' First Amendment rights while calling for a crackdown on noise and public urination and defecation.

U.S. Rep. Jerrold Nadler, Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer and state Sen. Daniel Squadron said in a statement that the resolution was "an attempt to establish a sensible framework that respects the protesters' fundamental rights while addressing the very real quality of life concerns for residents and businesses around Zuccotti Park."

Asked about Occupy Wall Street on WOR Radio on Friday, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said the protesters' leaderless structure has made it difficult to negotiate with them.

Occupy Wall Street spokesman Han Shan, who has served as a liaison between protesters and local elected officials, agreed the protesters needed to be better neighbors. Shan, who attended the meeting, promised to limit the noise.

At Columbus Circle, Seeger and friends walked to the chant of "We are the 99 percent" and "We are unstoppable; another world is possible." Seeger stopped to bang a metal statue of an elephant with his cane ? to cheers from the crowd.

At the center of the plaza, Seeger and Amram were joined by Guthrie in a round of "We Shall Overcome," a protest anthem made popular by Seeger.

After more singing, Seeger asked for a mic check to tell the crowd: "The words are simple: I could be happy spending my days on the river that flows both way-ay-ays."

During the march, the younger Seeger, in troubadour fashion like his grandfather, walked among the protesters playing songs. Amra took up a flute and others enlivened the night protest with the sounds of the accordion, banjos, and guitars.

At the front of the throng, marchers held American flags and a large blue flag that said: "Revolution Generation ... Debt is Slavery." Along the way, the crowd sang protest songs made popular or written by Seeger, Woody Guthrie, and others of the protest era.

___(equals)

Associated Press writer Karen Matthews contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2011-10-22-Wall%20Street%20Protest/id-9b74068a868049739e992d0db268f3b8

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Sunday, October 23, 2011

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Hawaiian honeycreepers: Family tree for most-endangered bird family in the world determined

ScienceDaily (Oct. 20, 2011) ? Using one of the largest DNA data sets for a group of birds and employing next-generation sequencing methods, Smithsonian scientists and collaborators have determined the evolutionary family tree for one of the most strikingly diverse and endangered bird families in the world, the Hawaiian honeycreepers. Not only have the researchers determined the types of finches that the honeycreeper family originally evolved from, but they have also linked the timing of that rapid evolution to the formation of the four main Hawaiian Islands.

"There were once more than 55 species of these colorful songbirds, and they are so diverse that historically it wasn't even entirely clear that they were all part of the same group," said Heather Lerner, who was a postdoctoral researcher at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute's Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics when she conducted this research and is currently an assistant professor of biology at Earlham College and Joseph Moore Museum director.

"Some eat seeds, some eat fruit, some eat snails, some eat nectar. Some have the bills of parrots, others of warblers, while some are finch-like and others have straight, thin bills. So the question that we started with was how did this incredible diversity evolve over time."

The answer is unique to the Hawaiian Islands, which are part of a conveyor belt of island formation, with new islands popping up as the conveyor belt moves northwest. Each island that forms represents a blank slate for evolution, so as one honeycreeper species moves from one island to a new island, those birds encounter new habitat and ecological niches that may force them to adapt and branch off into distinct species. The researchers looked at the evolution of the Hawaiian honeycreepers after the formation of Kauai-Niihau, Oahu, Maui-Nui and Hawaii. The largest burst of evolution into new species, called a radiation, occurred between 4 million and 2.5 million years ago, after Kauai-Niihau and Oahu formed but before the remaining two large islands existed, and resulted in the evolution of six of 10 distinct groups of species characterized by different sizes, shapes and colors. These findings will be published in the hard-copy version of Current Biology Nov. 8, with Lerner as lead author.

"This radiation is one of the natural scientific treasures that the archipelago offers out in the middle of the Pacific," said Helen James, a research zoologist at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History and a co-author of the paper. "It was fascinating to be able to tie a biological system to geological formation and allowed us to become the first to offer a full picture of these birds' adaptive history."

James' previous work on Hawaiian birds' morphology, the branch of biology that deals with form and structure of organisms, played a pivotal role in determining which avian species to survey to determine the closest living relatives of the Hawaiian honeycreepers. Using genetic data from 28 bird species that seemed similar to the honeycreepers morphologically, genetically or that shared geographic proximity, the paper's authors determined that the various honeycreeper species evolved from Eurasian rosefinches. Unlike most other ancestral bird species that came from North America and colonized the Hawaiian Islands, the rosefinch likely came from Asia, the scientists found.

"There is a perception that there are no species remaining that are actually native to Hawaii, but these are truly native birds that are scientifically valuable and play an important and unique ecological function," said Rob Fleischer, head of SCBI's Center for Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics and a co-author of the paper. Fleischer has been studying the genetics, evolution and conservation of these birds for more than 25 years. "I'm thrilled that we finally had enough DNA sequence and the necessary technology to become the first to produce this accurate and reliable evolutionary tree."

The diversity of Hawaiian honeycreepers has taken a huge hit, with more than half of the known 56 species already extinct. The paper's researchers focused on the 19 -- now 18 -- species that have not gone extinct, but of those, six are considered critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, four are considered endangered and five are vulnerable.

The next, ongoing step in the research is to use museum specimens and subfossil bones to determine where the extinct species fit into the evolutionary family tree, or phylogeny, to see if the new lineages fit into the overall pattern found in this study. In order to analyze the DNA for the study that came out this week, the researchers used specialized next generation sequencing protocols developed by Michi Hofreiter's group at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. To look at ancient DNA that is by nature damaged or degraded, they are using additional innovative techniques to capture the DNA and come up with a sufficiently informative dataset.

The study's authors from SCBI are Lerner and Fleischer. The additional authors are James from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, Hofreiter from the University of York and Matthias Meyer from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. The work was funded by the National Science Foundation.

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Journal Reference:

  1. Heather R.L. Lerner, Matthias Meyer, Helen F. James, Michael Hofreiter, Robert C. Fleischer. Multilocus Resolution of Phylogeny and Timescale in the Extant Adaptive Radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers. Current Biology, 2011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/10/111020145144.htm

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Saturday, October 22, 2011

Ohio Animal Tragedy Calls Attention to Loopholes in U.S. Captive Wildlife Laws

This week?s release and death of more than 50 so-called ?exotic? animals near Zanesville, Ohio, is a tragic reminder that the laws protecting wildlife in the U.S. are full of loopholes that endanger not only the animals themselves but also people.

One of those loopholes could actually be closed soon. Last month, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) proposed doing away with an exemption in the Captive-Bred Wildlife Registration Program that currently allows individuals to own ?generic? tigers (any tiger, usually cross-breeds, that can?t be identified as from the Bengal, Sumatran, Siberian/Amur or Indochinese subspecies and are therefore genetically useless for conservation purposes). If the new rule passes, owners of all of these tigers?the FWS estimates there could be 5,000 or more of these animals in the U.S. alone, significantly more full-breed tigers than remain in the wild?would be required to register the animals with the federal government. Owners would need permits or authorizations to sell the tigers across state lines, to harm them or to kill them. (You can read more about this proposed rule change and find out how to comment on it here.)

By the way, estimates of how many tigers are in private ownership in the U.S. are highly controversial. Some environmental groups say there may be as many as 10,000. Last month, the Feline Conservation Federation (FCF) released a survey which counted 2,884 tigers in zoos, nature centers and sanctuaries, but this obviously does not include much of the hidden market that fed people like Zanesville?s Terry Thompson, although the FCF did know about him.

While all tigers and lions are protected under the Endangered Species Act, it does not regulate private ownership of these or any other species or sales within a state?s borders. And once an animal has been sold, it can easily be transported (legally or otherwise) across state lines.

This is an even bigger loophole, and it ties directly to the tragedy in Zanesville. Each state in the U.S. has different laws regarding the ownership of exotic animals. In New York State, home of Scientific American, it is illegal for a person to own any wild animal (not that this stops people?don?t forget the famous case of a Harlem man who housed a tiger in his apartment). In Maine, where I live, a person may possess a wild animal after obtaining a permit. In Ohio?one of the most lax states in the union regarding exotics?there are no laws banning or restricting the ownership of wild animals. The only restriction is that non-domesticated animals brought into the state must carry an entry permit and a certificate of health. (The non-profit Born Free USA has a run-down of all 50 state exotic animal laws.)

According to Ohio?s NBC 4, the only laws governing exotic animals in the state regulate breeders and exhibitors, such as zoos or sanctuaries. Those facilities must maintain heath certificates and veterinary inspections for their animals.

This lack of state laws protecting wildlife and exotic animals results in a situation where many states, but especially Ohio, become havens for exotic animal auctions where animals (many of them endangered species) are sold to private collectors and hunting ranches. See the video below for more information on this unethical market.

One such auction is the triennial Mid Ohio Alternative Animal and Bird Sale, the most recent of which was held on September 16. While no big cats or bears were reportedly for sale at this particular event, the event?s Web page does note that other species would be available. (The event?s only restriction for buyers: ?A USDA licence [sic] will be required when purchasing certain primates (Baboons, Chimpanzees, Gorrillas [sic], and Orangutans?.)

Following the tragic events in Zanesville, many advocates for humane treatment of animals are calling for new laws to end these auctions. ?We have some animal auctions in Ohio that have to be shut down. Shut down. And we have to have strict permitting process here,? said TV icon Jack Hanna, director emeritus of Columbus Zoo and Aquarium. The Web site Change.org is running an online petition to ban the sale and ownership of exotics in Ohio.

In several TV appearances during the past 24 hours, Hanna said that any new laws would not affect legitimate breeding facilities, which are a vital part of the conservation process and important partners for zoos and animal sanctuaries.

In a public statement, Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of the Humane Society of the United States, decried Ohio?s lack of regulations for the dangers they pose to humans: ?In recent years, Ohioans have died and suffered injuries because the state hasn?t stopped private citizens from keeping dangerous wild animals as pets or as roadside attractions.?

The Born Free USA database of exotic animal incidents lists 1,599 animal attacks on humans since 1990, including 75 deaths.

It?s worth noting that the previous governor of Ohio, Ted Strickland (D), tried to change at least a tiny portion of these laws. Just before he left office, he issued an executive order that would have prevented people convicted of animal cruelty?such as Terry Thompson?from owning exotic animals. That order was allowed to expire in April under current Ohio Gov. John Kasich (R).

In the face of Zanesville, many people ask, is there a conservation value in private ownership of wildlife and endangered species? The answer, simply, is no. Private citizens are not equipped or trained to ensure the health of wild and exotic animals, to breed them in a manner that ensures species? long-term survival, or to keep them safely separated from people who could be harmed if they escaped.

As long as people keep thinking that they can tame nature and put it in a cage, another Zanesville is just around the corner.

Photo by Braden Kowitz via Flickr. Used under Creative Commons license

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=8b4ec559fbfd6c15ca40f2eaa6565575

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